Keep in mind that there may be multiple menu items for the same OS. The GRUB Configuration file is stored at ‘/boot/grub/nf’. This feature allows a system to have multiple Operating Systems installed on it. GRUB, if configured to do so, will show a menu and allow you to pass control to a specific Kernel. The first stage of the boot loader is placed in the MBR which calls the main boot loader which is installed on a boot partition (/boot). With no OS the system will not boot properly. When an OS is installed the execution code for a boot loader will then be placed in the MBR. Imagine partitioning and formatting a hard disk but not installing an OS. You may have noticed that all new systems do not contain a floppy drive. NOTE: An MBR is not present on non-partitioned media such as floppies and similar storage devices. Do not confuse the MBR and the boot loader. The MBR will exist without the executable code or boot loader. Not all partitions contain a boot loader and the if no boot loader is found then an OS will not be loaded. ![]() There is also executable code which is a loader (boot loader). The MBR contains the data to let the system know about the partitions on a disk. The Master Boot Record (MBR) is technically not required in some cases, but the MBR is a boot sector placed at the beginning of a fixed or removable disk. When one is found the BIOS passes control to the devices MBR. Each device will be checked for a Master Boot Record (MBR). Control will be passed to each boot device in order of priority. Within the BIOS settings (CMOS) is the boot device order. When entering the BIOS settings you can use the keyboard and maybe the mouse to save specific settings in the CMOS. ![]() The BIOS contains enough information to load a driver for the keyboard and sometimes a mouse. The BIOS will initialize and test system hardware. The BIOS is firmware that performs hardware initialization when the system is powered-on. Let’s look over these six items in simple terms so we can look further into the Kernel. No matter the boot loader the function is similar. Of course, I am assuming the use of GRUB, but there are others which can be placed in this slot. NOTE: I am using the BIOS as Step 1, but UEFI does exist as well. ![]() The boot process is performed in the following six stages: When a system is booted up there are several things occurring before the Operating System (OS) loads. There are many aspects of the Kernel which will help you to understand the concept of the Kernel. To help everyone out we can go over some basics of the Kernel and help you to understand things better. The Linux Kernel is often misunderstood or not even known about.
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